For example, thinking, “That person could hurt me too”, after witnessing an assault would be both negative and accurate. Some negative thoughts are accurate representations of the world. Automatic thoughts are interpretative ‘best guesses’ about the meaning or implication of events, but they are so immediate and familiar that we often assume they are true (e.g., your manager asks to speak to you, and you automatically think, “It’s bound to be bad news”).Īutomatic thoughts that generate negative emotions (e.g., sadness, anxiety, or anger) are commonly referred to as ‘negative automatic thoughts’ (NATs). These arise quickly and without any apparent effort, often in response to specific events (or to other thoughts, feelings, or memories). They are often stated in a conditional ‘if-then’ format (e.g., “If someone is nice to me, then they want something from me”). These are understood as assumptions that guide behavior across situations. These are understood as deep-rooted, global, and absolute judgments about oneself, other people, and the world (e.g., “I am competent”, “No one can be trusted”, “The world is dangerous and unpredictable”). Moving from the deepest to the most superficial, these are: The CBT model describes different levels of cognition that underpin how we think about ourselves, other people, and the world, shaping our interpretations of events and how we respond to them. ![]() The model implies that we can change how we feel by changing how we think. Rather, it is the interpretation of those events – our appraisals, thoughts, or cognitions – that generates emotional responses. Beck’s cognitive model (Beck et al., 1979) proposes that events are not directly responsible for the way we feel.
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